Everything about Strymon totally explained
» Strymon redirects here. For the Strymon Gulf, see
Strymonian Gulf. For the
butterfly genus, see
Strymon (butterfly).
:Karasu River redirects here. For the Karasu River in Gunma, Japan, see
Karasu River, Gunma, Japan.
The
Struma or
Strymónas (
Bulgarian Струма,,
Greek Στρυμόνας [striˈmonas],
Turkish Karasu 'black water') is a river in
Bulgaria and
Greece. Its
ancient name was
Strymōn (
Greek: Στρυμών /stry'mɔːn/). Its catchment area is 10,800 km². It takes its source from the
Vitosha Mountain in
Bulgaria, runs first westward, then southward, enters
Greek territory at the Kula village and flows into the
Aegean Sea, near
Amphipolis in the
Serres prefecture. The river's length is 415 km (of which 290 km in Bulgaria, making it the country's fifth longest).
The river valley is a
coal-producing area of Bulgaria. The Greek portion is a valley which is dominant in agriculture, being Greece's fourth biggest valley. The tributaries include the
Rila River, the
Dragovishtitsa, the
Blagoevgradska Bistritsa, the
Konska River, the
Sandanska Bistritsa and the
Aggitis River.
The
Ancient Greek city of
Amphipolis was founded near the river's entrance to the Aegean, at the site previously known as Ennea Odoi (Nine roads}. When
Xerxes I of
Persia crossed the river during his invasion in
480 BC he buried alive nine young boys and nine maidens as a sacrifice to the river god. The forces of
Alexander I of Macedon defeated the remnants of Xerxes' army near Ennea Odoi in
479 BC. In
424 BC the Spartan general
Brasidas after crossing the entire Greek peninsula sieged and conquered Amphipolis. The
Battle of Kleidion was fought by the river in
1014.
In 1913, the
Greek Army was trapped in the
Kresna Gorge of the Struma during the
Second Balkan War. The Bulgarians were defeated in the war, however, and the
Treaty of Bucharest resulted in significant territorial losses for Bulgaria.
The ship
Struma, which carried Jewish refugees out of
Romania in
World War II and subsequently sunk in the
Black Sea, causing nearly 800 deaths, is named after the river.
The river's name comes from Thracian
Strymón, derived from IE *sru "stream", akin to English
stream, Old Irish
sruaimm "river", Lithuanian
straumuoe "fast stream", Greek
reuma "stream", Albanian
rrymë "water flow",
shri "rain".
Further Information
Get more info on 'Strymon'.
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